http://belgelik.isikun.edu.tr/xmlui/handleiubelgelik/6727 JAEM 2025, Vol 15, No 5 koleksiyonunu içerir. Thu, 09 Apr 2026 04:37:13 GMT 2026-04-09T04:37:13Z http://belgelik.isikun.edu.tr/xmlui/handleiubelgelik/6764 Picture fuzzy ideals in near rings under group actions Ali, Asma; Zishan, Arshad A useful technique for examining the symmetry and automorphism characteristics of near rings is group action. In this paper, we study picture fuzzy (PF) ideals of near rings, which are extension of both fuzzy and intuitionistic fuzzy ideals, under group action. Also, we study properties of picture fuzzy ideals under G-homomorphism. In order to develop an innovative structure for picture fuzzy sets on near rings under group actions, we concentrate on merging the theories of picture fuzzy sets on near rings. The purpose of this manuscript is to use picture fuzzy sets to deal with various theories in near rings. We then provide appropriate definitions for the operations of Picture fuzzy ideals over a near ring, including product, composition and intersection as well as study properties of images and inverse images of picture fuzzy ideals under group actions. Thu, 01 May 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://belgelik.isikun.edu.tr/xmlui/handleiubelgelik/6764 2025-05-01T00:00:00Z http://belgelik.isikun.edu.tr/xmlui/handleiubelgelik/6763 Some fixed point theorems in dislocated quasi extended b-metric space Mittal, Nikita; Ansari, Zaheer Karim; Vyas, Aparna In 2017, Kamran et al. [14] introduced the notion of extended b-metric space as a generalization of b-metric space. The concept of dislocated quasi extended b-metric space was presented by Nurwahyu [15]. In this paper, Banach’s contraction principle and fixed point results for other different contraction type mapping given by Bianchini [5] and Agrawal et al. [3] are established in this space. The established results broaden and generalize a number of fixed point results in the literature. Also provided are appropriate examples of the established results. Thu, 01 May 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://belgelik.isikun.edu.tr/xmlui/handleiubelgelik/6763 2025-05-01T00:00:00Z http://belgelik.isikun.edu.tr/xmlui/handleiubelgelik/6762 Development and analysis of new nonparametric techniques for causal inference in observational studies Thanoonr, Shaymaa Riyadh The lack of randomization methods in observational studies blocks researchers from reaching valid conclusions based on their data. The lack of randomisation techniques results in multiple experimental factors which appear in the research results. Research managers now use modern nonparametric analysis methods to reach superior causal results while gaining higher flexibility than traditional parametric procedures. This research develops a new analytical approach which merges matching techniques with instrument variables through kernel estimation methods for evaluation. The analytical procedures execute their functions without depending on specific distributional assumptions for discovering causal dependencies. Programmers who analyze complex observational data need to conduct theoretical evaluations and simulation tests to determine how specific causal data estimations are generated. The approaches make it possible to directly use them in epidemiology, economic research and social sciences to boost the estimated results from observed datasets. Thu, 01 May 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://belgelik.isikun.edu.tr/xmlui/handleiubelgelik/6762 2025-05-01T00:00:00Z http://belgelik.isikun.edu.tr/xmlui/handleiubelgelik/6761 On the traversability of new composition of total graphs Goyal, Shanu; Tanya The F-composition F(G)[H] is a graph with the set of vertices V (F(G)[H]) = (V (G) ∪ E(G)) × V (H) and two vertices u = (u1, u2) and v = (v1, v2) of F(G)[H] are adjacent if and only if [u1 = v1 ∈ V (G) and (u2, v2) ∈ E(H)] or [(u1, v1) ∈ E(F(G))]. Here F(G) be one of the symbols ΓT (G), or ∆T (G). In this paper, we study the Eulerian and Hamiltonian properties of the resulting graphs. Thu, 01 May 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://belgelik.isikun.edu.tr/xmlui/handleiubelgelik/6761 2025-05-01T00:00:00Z